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Editing: benchmark.rb

#--
# benchmark.rb - a performance benchmarking library
#
# $Id: benchmark.rb 32269 2011-06-28 06:09:46Z naruse $
#
# Created by Gotoken (gotoken@notwork.org).
#
# Documentation by Gotoken (original RD), Lyle Johnson (RDoc conversion), and
# Gavin Sinclair (editing).
#++
#
# == Overview
#
# The Benchmark module provides methods for benchmarking Ruby code, giving
# detailed reports on the time taken for each task.
#

# The Benchmark module provides methods to measure and report the time
# used to execute Ruby code.
#
# * Measure the time to construct the string given by the expression
# <tt>"a"*1_000_000</tt>:
#
# require 'benchmark'
#
# puts Benchmark.measure { "a"*1_000_000 }
#
# On my machine (FreeBSD 3.2 on P5, 100MHz) this generates:
#
# 1.166667 0.050000 1.216667 ( 0.571355)
#
# This report shows the user CPU time, system CPU time, the sum of
# the user and system CPU times, and the elapsed real time. The unit
# of time is seconds.
#
# * Do some experiments sequentially using the #bm method:
#
# require 'benchmark'
#
# n = 50000
# Benchmark.bm do |x|
# x.report { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
# x.report { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }
# x.report { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
# end
#
# The result:
#
# user system total real
# 1.033333 0.016667 1.016667 ( 0.492106)
# 1.483333 0.000000 1.483333 ( 0.694605)
# 1.516667 0.000000 1.516667 ( 0.711077)
#
# * Continuing the previous example, put a label in each report:
#
# require 'benchmark'
#
# n = 50000
# Benchmark.bm(7) do |x|
# x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
# x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }
# x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
# end
#
# The result:
#
# user system total real
# for: 1.050000 0.000000 1.050000 ( 0.503462)
# times: 1.533333 0.016667 1.550000 ( 0.735473)
# upto: 1.500000 0.016667 1.516667 ( 0.711239)
#
#
# * The times for some benchmarks depend on the order in which items
# are run. These differences are due to the cost of memory
# allocation and garbage collection. To avoid these discrepancies,
# the #bmbm method is provided. For example, to compare ways to
# sort an array of floats:
#
# require 'benchmark'
#
# array = (1..1000000).map { rand }
#
# Benchmark.bmbm do |x|
# x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! }
# x.report("sort") { array.dup.sort }
# end
#
# The result:
#
# Rehearsal -----------------------------------------
# sort! 11.928000 0.010000 11.938000 ( 12.756000)
# sort 13.048000 0.020000 13.068000 ( 13.857000)
# ------------------------------- total: 25.006000sec
#
# user system total real
# sort! 12.959000 0.010000 12.969000 ( 13.793000)
# sort 12.007000 0.000000 12.007000 ( 12.791000)
#
#
# * Report statistics of sequential experiments with unique labels,
# using the #benchmark method:
#
# require 'benchmark'
# include Benchmark # we need the CAPTION and FORMAT constants
#
# n = 50000
# Benchmark.benchmark(CAPTION, 7, FORMAT, ">total:", ">avg:") do |x|
# tf = x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
# tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }
# tu = x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
# [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3]
# end
#
# The result:
#
# user system total real
# for: 1.016667 0.016667 1.033333 ( 0.485749)
# times: 1.450000 0.016667 1.466667 ( 0.681367)
# upto: 1.533333 0.000000 1.533333 ( 0.722166)
# >total: 4.000000 0.033333 4.033333 ( 1.889282)
# >avg: 1.333333 0.011111 1.344444 ( 0.629761)

module Benchmark

BENCHMARK_VERSION = "2002-04-25" #:nodoc"

# Invokes the block with a <tt>Benchmark::Report</tt> object, which
 # may be used to collect and report on the results of individual
 # benchmark tests. Reserves label_width leading spaces for
 # labels on each line. Prints _caption_ at the top of the
 # report, and uses _format_ to format each line.
 # Returns an array of Benchmark::Tms objects.
 #
 # If the block returns an array of
 # <tt>Benchmark::Tms</tt> objects, these will be used to format
 # additional lines of output. If _label_ parameters are
 # given, these are used to label these extra lines.
 #
 # _Note_: Other methods provide a simpler interface to this one, and are
 # suitable for nearly all benchmarking requirements. See the examples in
 # Benchmark, and the #bm and #bmbm methods.
 #
 # Example:
 #
 # require 'benchmark'
 # include Benchmark # we need the CAPTION and FORMAT constants
 #
 # n = 50000
 # Benchmark.benchmark(CAPTION, 7, FORMAT, ">total:", ">avg:") do |x|
 # tf = x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
 # tt = x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }
 # tu = x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
 # [tf+tt+tu, (tf+tt+tu)/3]
 # end
 #
 # Generates:
 #
 # user system total real
 # for: 1.016667 0.016667 1.033333 ( 0.485749)
 # times: 1.450000 0.016667 1.466667 ( 0.681367)
 # upto: 1.533333 0.000000 1.533333 ( 0.722166)
 # >total: 4.000000 0.033333 4.033333 ( 1.889282)
 # >avg: 1.333333 0.011111 1.344444 ( 0.629761)
 #

def benchmark(caption = "", label_width = nil, format = nil, *labels) # :yield: report
    sync = STDOUT.sync
    STDOUT.sync = true
    label_width ||= 0
    label_width += 1
    format ||= FORMAT
    print ' '*label_width + caption
    report = Report.new(label_width, format)
    results = yield(report)
    Array === results and results.grep(Tms).each {|t|
      print((labels.shift || t.label || "").ljust(label_width), t.format(format))
    }
    report.list
  ensure
    STDOUT.sync = sync unless sync.nil?
  end

# A simple interface to the #benchmark method, #bm is generates sequential reports
 # with labels. The parameters have the same meaning as for #benchmark.
 #
 # require 'benchmark'
 #
 # n = 50000
 # Benchmark.bm(7) do |x|
 # x.report("for:") { for i in 1..n; a = "1"; end }
 # x.report("times:") { n.times do ; a = "1"; end }
 # x.report("upto:") { 1.upto(n) do ; a = "1"; end }
 # end
 #
 # Generates:
 #
 # user system total real
 # for: 1.050000 0.000000 1.050000 ( 0.503462)
 # times: 1.533333 0.016667 1.550000 ( 0.735473)
 # upto: 1.500000 0.016667 1.516667 ( 0.711239)
 #

def bm(label_width = 0, *labels, &blk) # :yield: report
    benchmark(CAPTION, label_width, FORMAT, *labels, &blk)
  end

# Sometimes benchmark results are skewed because code executed
 # earlier encounters different garbage collection overheads than
 # that run later. #bmbm attempts to minimize this effect by running
 # the tests twice, the first time as a rehearsal in order to get the
 # runtime environment stable, the second time for
 # real. <tt>GC.start</tt> is executed before the start of each of
 # the real timings; the cost of this is not included in the
 # timings. In reality, though, there's only so much that #bmbm can
 # do, and the results are not guaranteed to be isolated from garbage
 # collection and other effects.
 #
 # Because #bmbm takes two passes through the tests, it can
 # calculate the required label width.
 #
 # require 'benchmark'
 #
 # array = (1..1000000).map { rand }
 #
 # Benchmark.bmbm do |x|
 # x.report("sort!") { array.dup.sort! }
 # x.report("sort") { array.dup.sort }
 # end
 #
 # Generates:
 #
 # Rehearsal -----------------------------------------
 # sort! 11.928000 0.010000 11.938000 ( 12.756000)
 # sort 13.048000 0.020000 13.068000 ( 13.857000)
 # ------------------------------- total: 25.006000sec
 #
 # user system total real
 # sort! 12.959000 0.010000 12.969000 ( 13.793000)
 # sort 12.007000 0.000000 12.007000 ( 12.791000)
 #
 # #bmbm yields a Benchmark::Job object and returns an array of
 # Benchmark::Tms objects.
 #
 def bmbm(width = 0, &blk) # :yield: job
 job = Job.new(width)
 yield(job)
 width = job.width + 1
 sync = STDOUT.sync
 STDOUT.sync = true

# rehearsal
    puts 'Rehearsal '.ljust(width+CAPTION.length,'-')
    ets = job.list.inject(Tms.new) { |sum,(label,item)|
      print label.ljust(width)
      res = Benchmark.measure(&item)
      print res.format
      sum + res
    }.format("total: %tsec")
    print " #{ets}\n\n".rjust(width+CAPTION.length+2,'-')

# take
    print ' '*width + CAPTION
    job.list.map { |label,item|
      GC.start
      print label.ljust(width)
      Benchmark.measure(label, &item).tap { |res| print res }
    }
  ensure
    STDOUT.sync = sync unless sync.nil?
  end

#
  # Returns the time used to execute the given block as a
  # Benchmark::Tms object.
  #
  def measure(label = "") # :yield:
    t0, r0 = Process.times, Time.now
    yield
    t1, r1 = Process.times, Time.now
    Benchmark::Tms.new(t1.utime  - t0.utime,
                       t1.stime  - t0.stime,
                       t1.cutime - t0.cutime,
                       t1.cstime - t0.cstime,
                       r1.to_f - r0.to_f,
                       label)
  end

#
  # Returns the elapsed real time used to execute the given block.
  #
  def realtime # :yield:
    r0 = Time.now
    yield
    Time.now - r0
  end

module_function :benchmark, :measure, :realtime, :bm, :bmbm

#
  # A Job is a sequence of labelled blocks to be processed by the
  # Benchmark.bmbm method.  It is of little direct interest to the user.
  #
  class Job # :nodoc:
    #
    # Returns an initialized Job instance.
    # Usually, one doesn't call this method directly, as new
    # Job objects are created by the #bmbm method.
    # _width_ is a initial value for the label offset used in formatting;
    # the #bmbm method passes its _width_ argument to this constructor.
    #
    def initialize(width)
      @width = width
      @list = []
    end

#
 # Registers the given label and block pair in the job list.
 #
 def item(label = "", &blk) # :yield:
 raise ArgumentError, "no block" unless block_given?
 label = label.to_s
 w = label.length
 @width = w if @width < w
 @list << [label, blk]
 self
 end

alias report item

# An array of 2-element arrays, consisting of label and block pairs.
    attr_reader :list

# Length of the widest label in the #list.
    attr_reader :width
  end

#
  # This class is used by the Benchmark.benchmark and Benchmark.bm methods.
  # It is of little direct interest to the user.
  #
  class Report # :nodoc:
    #
    # Returns an initialized Report instance.
    # Usually, one doesn't call this method directly, as new
    # Report objects are created by the #benchmark and #bm methods.
    # _width_ and _format_ are the label offset and
    # format string used by Tms#format.
    #
    def initialize(width = 0, format = nil)
      @width, @format, @list = width, format, []
    end

#
 # Prints the _label_ and measured time for the block,
 # formatted by _format_. See Tms#format for the
 # formatting rules.
 #
 def item(label = "", *format, &blk) # :yield:
 print label.to_s.ljust(@width)
 @list << res = Benchmark.measure(label, &blk)
 print res.format(@format, *format)
 res
 end

alias report item

# An array of Benchmark::Tms objects representing each item.
    attr_reader :list
  end

#
  # A data object, representing the times associated with a benchmark
  # measurement.
  #
  class Tms

# Default caption, see also Benchmark::CAPTION
    CAPTION = "      user     system      total        real\n"

# Default format string, see also Benchmark::FORMAT
    FORMAT = "%10.6u %10.6y %10.6t %10.6r\n"

# User CPU time
    attr_reader :utime

# System CPU time
    attr_reader :stime

# User CPU time of children
    attr_reader :cutime

# System CPU time of children
    attr_reader :cstime

# Elapsed real time
    attr_reader :real

# Total time, that is _utime_ + _stime_ + _cutime_ + _cstime_
    attr_reader :total

# Label
    attr_reader :label

#
    # Returns an initialized Tms object which has
    # _utime_ as the user CPU time, _stime_ as the system CPU time,
    # _cutime_ as the children's user CPU time, _cstime_ as the children's
    # system CPU time, _real_ as the elapsed real time and _label_ as the label.
    #
    def initialize(utime = 0.0, stime = 0.0, cutime = 0.0, cstime = 0.0, real = 0.0, label = nil)
      @utime, @stime, @cutime, @cstime, @real, @label = utime, stime, cutime, cstime, real, label.to_s
      @total = @utime + @stime + @cutime + @cstime
    end

#
    # Returns a new Tms object whose times are the sum of the times for this
    # Tms object, plus the time required to execute the code block (_blk_).
    #
    def add(&blk) # :yield:
      self + Benchmark.measure(&blk)
    end

#
    # An in-place version of #add.
    #
    def add!(&blk)
      t = Benchmark.measure(&blk)
      @utime  = utime + t.utime
      @stime  = stime + t.stime
      @cutime = cutime + t.cutime
      @cstime = cstime + t.cstime
      @real   = real + t.real
      self
    end

#
    # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise summation
    # of the individual times for this Tms object with those of the other
    # Tms object.
    # This method and #/() are useful for taking statistics.
    #
    def +(other); memberwise(:+, other) end

#
    # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise subtraction
    # of the individual times for the other Tms object from those of this
    # Tms object.
    #
    def -(other); memberwise(:-, other) end

#
    # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise multiplication
    # of the individual times for this Tms object by _x_.
    #
    def *(x); memberwise(:*, x) end

#
    # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise division
    # of the individual times for this Tms object by _x_.
    # This method and #+() are useful for taking statistics.
    #
    def /(x); memberwise(:/, x) end

#
 # Returns the contents of this Tms object as
 # a formatted string, according to a format string
 # like that passed to Kernel.format. In addition, #format
 # accepts the following extensions:
 #
 # <tt>%u</tt>:: Replaced by the user CPU time, as reported by Tms#utime.
 # <tt>%y</tt>:: Replaced by the system CPU time, as reported by #stime (Mnemonic: y of "s*y*stem")
 # <tt>%U</tt>:: Replaced by the children's user CPU time, as reported by Tms#cutime
 # <tt>%Y</tt>:: Replaced by the children's system CPU time, as reported by Tms#cstime
 # <tt>%t</tt>:: Replaced by the total CPU time, as reported by Tms#total
 # <tt>%r</tt>:: Replaced by the elapsed real time, as reported by Tms#real
 # <tt>%n</tt>:: Replaced by the label string, as reported by Tms#label (Mnemonic: n of "*n*ame")
 #
 # If _format_ is not given, FORMAT is used as default value, detailing the
 # user, system and real elapsed time.
 #
 def format(format = nil, *args)
 str = (format || FORMAT).dup
 str.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)n/) { "#{$1}s" % label }
 str.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)u/) { "#{$1}f" % utime }
 str.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)y/) { "#{$1}f" % stime }
 str.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)U/) { "#{$1}f" % cutime }
 str.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)Y/) { "#{$1}f" % cstime }
 str.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)t/) { "#{$1}f" % total }
 str.gsub!(/(%[-+\.\d]*)r/) { "(#{$1}f)" % real }
 format ? str % args : str
 end

#
    # Same as #format.
    #
    def to_s
      format
    end

#
    # Returns a new 6-element array, consisting of the
    # label, user CPU time, system CPU time, children's
    # user CPU time, children's system CPU time and elapsed
    # real time.
    #
    def to_a
      [@label, @utime, @stime, @cutime, @cstime, @real]
    end

protected
 
 #
 # Returns a new Tms object obtained by memberwise operation +op+
 # of the individual times for this Tms object with those of the other
 # Tms object.
 #
 # +op+ can be a mathematical operation such as <tt>+</tt>, <tt>-</tt>,
 # <tt>*</tt>, <tt>/</tt>
 #
 def memberwise(op, x)
 case x
 when Benchmark::Tms
 Benchmark::Tms.new(utime.__send__(op, x.utime),
 stime.__send__(op, x.stime),
 cutime.__send__(op, x.cutime),
 cstime.__send__(op, x.cstime),
 real.__send__(op, x.real)
 )
 else
 Benchmark::Tms.new(utime.__send__(op, x),
 stime.__send__(op, x),
 cutime.__send__(op, x),
 cstime.__send__(op, x),
 real.__send__(op, x)
 )
 end
 end
 end

# The default caption string (heading above the output times).
  CAPTION = Benchmark::Tms::CAPTION

# The default format string used to display times.  See also Benchmark::Tms#format.
  FORMAT = Benchmark::Tms::FORMAT
end

if __FILE__ == $0
  include Benchmark

n = ARGV[0].to_i.nonzero? || 50000
  puts %Q([#{n} times iterations of `a = "1"'])
  benchmark("       " + CAPTION, 7, FORMAT) do |x|
    x.report("for:")   {for _ in 1..n; _ = "1"; end} # Benchmark.measure
    x.report("times:") {n.times do   ; _ = "1"; end}
    x.report("upto:")  {1.upto(n) do ; _ = "1"; end}
  end

benchmark do
    [
      measure{for _ in 1..n; _ = "1"; end},  # Benchmark.measure
      measure{n.times do   ; _ = "1"; end},
      measure{1.upto(n) do ; _ = "1"; end}
    ]
  end
end

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